LOCKED OBJECTS

 

LOCKED OBJECTS

set pages 1000 lines 1000
col owner for a18
col object_name for a30
col osuser for a15
col machine for a25
col object_type for a10
col status for a10
select c.owner,c.object_name,c.object_type,b.sid,b.serial#, b.status,b.osuser,b.machine
from gv$locked_object a ,gv$session b,dba_objects c
where b.sid = a.session_id and a.object_id = c.object_id;

 

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SHOW BLOCKERS

SHOW BLOCKERS
================
set lines 132
set pages 66
column “SER”          format 99999
column “Table”        format A10
column “SPID”         format A5
column “CPID”         format A5
column “OS User”      format A7
column “Table”        format A10
column “SQL Text”     format A40
column “Mode”         format A20
column “Node”      format A10
column “Terminal”     format A8
spool /tmp/locks.lst
select
  s.sid “SID”,
  s.serial# “SER”,
  o.object_name “Table”,
  s.osuser “OS User”,
  s.machine “Node”,
  s.terminal “Terminal”,
  –p.spid “SPID”,
  –s.process “CPID”,
  decode (s.lockwait, null, ‘Have Lock(s)’, ‘Waiting for <‘ || b.sid || ‘>’) “Mode”,
  substr (c.sql_text, 1, 150) “SQL Text”
from v$lock l,
  v$lock d,
  v$session s,
  v$session b,
  v$process p,
  v$transaction t,
  sys.dba_objects o,
  v$open_cursor c
where l.sid = s.sid
  and o.object_id (+) = l.id1
  and c.hash_value (+) = s.sql_hash_value
  and c.address (+) = s.sql_address
  and s.paddr = p.addr
  and d.kaddr (+) = s.lockwait
  and d.id2 = t.xidsqn (+)
  and b.taddr (+) = t.addr
  and l.type = ‘TM’
group by
  o.object_name,
  s.osuser,
  s.machine,
  s.terminal,
  p.spid,
  s.process,
  s.sid,
  s.serial#,
  decode (s.lockwait, null, ‘Have Lock(s)’, ‘Waiting for <‘ || b.sid || ‘>’),
  substr (c.sql_text, 1, 150)
order by
  decode (s.lockwait, null, ‘Have Lock(s)’, ‘Waiting for <‘ || b.sid || ‘>’) desc,
  o.object_name asc,
  s.sid asc;
spool off;

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RUNNING  GATHERSTATS

RUNNING  GATHERSTATS

Description:
         In this blog, we are going to see what has gathered stats and various levels of gather stats.

What is GATHERSTATS:
          To gather stats in oracle we require to use the DBMS_STATS package. It will collect the statistics in parallel with collecting the global statistics for partitioned objects. The DBMS_STATS package is specially used only for optimizer statistics. As I explained in the first paragraph the dbms_stats is very vital for good SQL performance. We require to gather the stats before adjusting or setting up any optimizer parameters in oracle.

         The less the query cost the execution time of the query is fast. We must have to gather the statistics on regular basis for database objects to give the best information to the Oracle optimizer to run queries in the best possible time. Using the analysis statement is the traditional way of checking the cost of the query. But nowadays to gather stats in oracle we need to use the DBMS_STATS package.

Gather STATS:

CASCADE => TRUE: Gather statistics on the indexes as well. If not used 
Oracle will determine whether to collect it or not.
DEGREE => 4: Degree of parallelism.
ESTIMATE_PERCENT => DBMS_STATS.AUTO_SAMPLE_SIZE : (DEFAULT) Auto set 
the sample size % for skew(distinct) values (accurate and faster than 
setting a manual sample size).
METHOD_OPT=> : For gathering Histograms:
FOR COLUMNS SIZE AUTO: You can specify one column between “” 
instead of all columns.
FOR ALL COLUMNS SIZE REPEAT: Prevent deletion of histograms and collect
it only for columns that already have histograms.
FOR ALL COLUMNS: Collect histograms on all columns.
FOR ALL COLUMNS SIZE SKEWONLY: Collect histograms for columns that have 
skewed values should test skewness first
FOR ALL INDEXED COLUMNS: Collect histograms for columns that 
have indexes only.

DATABASE Level:

      Gathering statistics for all objects in the database, the cascade 
will include indexes  

SQL> exec DBMS_STATS.FLUSH_DATABASE_MONITORING_INFO;

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select OWNER,TABLE_NAME,LAST_ANALYZED,STALE_STATS from 
DBA_TAB_STATISTICS where STALE_STATS='YES';

SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_database_stats(cascade=>TRUE,method_opt =>'FOR 
ALL COLUMNS SIZE AUTO');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SCHEMA level:

      Gathering statistics for all objects in a schema, the cascade
will include indexes.If not used Oracle will determine whether to 
collect it or not.

SQL> exec DBMS_STATS.FLUSH_DATABASE_MONITORING_INFO;

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> exec DBMS_STATS.FLUSH_DATABASE_MONITORING_INFO;

select OWNER,TABLE_NAME,LAST_ANALYZED,STALE_STATS from DBA_TAB_STATISTICS 
where STALE_STATS='YES' and OWNER='&owner;

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> set timing on

SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_schema_stats(ownname=>'&schema_name', 
CASCADE=>TRUE,ESTIMATE_PERCENT=>dbms_stats.auto_sample_size,degree =>4);

Enter value for schema_name: vbt

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.19

SQL> EXEC DBMS_STATS.GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS ('&schema_name');

Enter value for schema_name: vbt

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.09


TABLE Level:

          The CASCADE parameter determines whether or not statistics are
 gathered for the indexes on a table.

SQL> EXEC DBMS_STATS.GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS ('&schema_name');

Enter value for schema_name: vbt

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.09

SQL> SELECT OWNER,TABLE_NAME,LAST_ANALYZED,STALE_STATS from 
DBA_TAB_STATISTICS WHERE TABLE_NAME='&TNAME';

Enter value for tname: agent

old   1: SELECT OWNER,TABLE_NAME,LAST_ANALYZED,STALE_STATS from 
DBA_TAB_STATISTICS WHERE TABLE_NAME='&TNAME'

new   1: SELECT OWNER,TABLE_NAME,LAST_ANALYZED,STALE_STATS from 
DBA_TAB_STATISTICSWHERE TABLE_NAME='agent'

no rows selected

Index Statistics:

SQL> CREATE TABLE sam AS SELECT * FROM dba_tables ORDER BY table_name;

Table created.

SQL> CREATE INDEX idsam ON sam(table_name, num_rows);

Index created.


SQL> EXEC dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname=>'SYS', tabname=>'sam');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> SELECT t.table_name, i.index_name, t.blocks, t.num_rows,
 i.clustering_factorFROM dba_tables t, dba_indexes i
WHERE t.table_name = i.table_name AND i.index_name='idsam';
TABLE_NAME INDEX_NAME BLOCKS NUM_ROWS CLUSTERING_FACTOR
------------------ ------------------- ---------- ----------------- 
sam idsam 46 1705 46

exec DBMS_STATS.GATHER_INDEX_STATS(ownname => '&OWNER',
indname =>'&INDEX_NAME',estimate_percent =>DBMS_STATS.AUTO_SAMPLE_SIZE);

 

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Data Guard Configuration Parameters

DATA GUARD CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS

 

Description :
       In this blog, we are going to see oracle Data Guard Configuration parameters. and how to view and set the parameters.

Types of parameter configuration.


Independent parameters.
Primary database parameters.
Standby database parameters.

Independent parameters:
DB_UNIQUE_NAME:
            DB_UNIQUE_NAME specifies a globally unique name for the database. must have a unique DB_UNIQUE_NAME for every database.it can be up to 30 characters and is case insensitive. The following characters are valid in a database name: alphanumeric characters, underscore (_), the number sign (#), and dollar sign ($).
db_unique_name=’unique_name’

 SQL> show parameter db_unique_name
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
—————————–       ———– —————
db_unique_name              string      orcl

LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG: 
          LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG enables or disables the sending of redo logs to remote destinations and the receipt of remote redo logs, and specifies the unique database names (DB_UNIQUE_NAME) for each database in the Data Guard configuration.
           We can add send,nosend,receive,noreceive,dgconfig,nodgconfig to this log_archive_parameter.
log_archive_config=’db_config=(Primary,Standby)’
SQL> show parameter LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
——————————— ———– ——————-
log_archive_config            string      dg_config=(orcl,stand)
change value to log_archive_config:
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_config=’dg_config=(orcl,stand)’ SCOPE=both;
System altered.

LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES:
          LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES specifies the number of archiver background processes (ARC0 through ARC9) Oracle initially invokes.
log_archivemax_processes=’4′

DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST:
          DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST specifies the default location for Oracle-managed datafiles.
db_create_file_dest=’+DATA’
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST=’/u02/oradata’;

Primary database parameters:
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n:
The LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n initialization parameter defines up to ten destinations, each of which must specify either the LOCATION or the SERVICE attribute to specify where to archive the redo data. Location and service attributes are mandatory for the configuration.
SERVICE – it can be a tnsnames entry to identify the database.
SYNC – synchronous redo transmission.
ASYNC – Asynchronous redo transmission.

LOGARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_n:
          Specify the availability state of the corresponding destination.
enabled:
Specifies that a valid log archive destination can be used for a subsequent archiving operation
defer:
Specifies that valid destination information and attributes are preserved, but the destination is excluded from archiving operations until re-enabled.
alternate:
Specifies that a log archive destination is not enabled but will become enabled if communications to another destination fail.

Standby Database Parameters:
DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT:
            It converts the filename of a new data file on the primary database to a filename on the standby database.
SQL> show parameter DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT
NAME                                            TYPE         VALUE
———————————              ———–   ——————————
db_file_name_convert                 string      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/
                                                                         , /u01/app/oracle/oradata/STAND/

LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT:
          LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT converts the filename of a new log file on the primary database to the filename of a log file on the standby database.
SQL> show parameter LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT
NAME                                                     TYPE         VALUE
———————————                        ——–        ————
log_file_name_convert                       string          /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/
                                                                         , /u01/app/oracle/oradata/STAND
alter system set db_file_name_convert=’/u02/oradata/orcl/datafile’ scope=spfile;
alter system set log_file_name_convert=’orcl’,’stand’ scope=spfile;

FAL_SERVER:
       FAL means fetch archive log. It clearly indicates the name that fetches the archive log.
FAL_SERVER is used to fetch an archive log server for a standby database.
Value in FAL_SERVER parameter act as Oracle Net Service name which points to the standby database.
ALTER SYSTEM SET fal_server=’stand ‘SCOPE=both;
ALTER SYSTEM SET fal_client=’orcl ‘SCOPE=both;

FAL_CLIENT:
FAL_CLIENT specifies the FAL(fetch archive log) client name that is used by the FAL service.
It is configured for point the FAL Client.
Value in FAL_CLIENT is also an Oracle Net Service Name.
ALTER SYSTEM SET fal_server=’orcl ‘SCOPE=both;
ALTER SYSTEM SET fal_client=’stand’SCOPE=both;

STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT:
          STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT enables or disables automatic standby file management. When automatic standby file management is enabled, operating system file additions and deletions on the primary database are replicated on the standby database.
MANUAL:
Disables automatic standby file management.
AUTO:
Enables automatic standby file management.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET standby_file_management=’AUTO’ SCOPE=both;

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Data Guard Architecture

Data Guard Architecture

Description:
       In this blog, we are going to see oracle Data Guard architecture and a clear description of the data guard overall process.

What is Oracle Data Guard:

  • Oracle Data Guard ensures high availability, data protection, and disaster recovery for enterprise data.
  • Data Guard maintains these standby databases as transactionally consistent copies of the production database.
  • If the production database becomes unavailable, Data Guard can switch any standby database to the production role.

Data Guard configuration pre-system checks:
Hardware :
       Hardware can be different for the standby and primary databases. Like CPU, hard disk capacity.
Operating system :
       The operating system should be the same as both the primary and standby databases, if you use Linux on the primary side the same os will be the standby. OS versions can be different but the platform should be the same.
Software :
         The same release of oracle database version in primary and standby side.
         Standby database enables archive and force logging method.
          Sysdba privilege required.

ORACLE DATA GUARD ARCHITECTURE:
Primary Database Process:

LGWR(log writer)
            Log writer collects transaction log information and updates to the online redo logs.
      LGWR modes:
            SYNC– in synchronous mode, it sends redo information directly to the RFS(remote file server) process on the standby database its waits for the confirmation before proceeding.
            ASYNC – in asynchronous mode its also sends redo information directly it does not wait before proceeding.
             In ASYNC mode LGWR submits the network I/O request to the network server (LNSn) process for the destination.

Archiver process(ARCn):
            ARCn or a SQL session performing an archival operation, create a copy of online redo logs locally for primary database recovery.
            ARCn also send simultaneously online logs to the RFS(remote file server)
            It’s also responsible for GAP solving in the standby database.

FAL (Fetch Archive Logs):
            FAL provides a client/server mechanism for resolving gaps detected in the range of archive logs generated in the primary database and received to the standby database.

Standby Database Process:

RFS (remote file server process):
            RFS it receives redo information from the primary database. RFS writes redo to standby redo logs or archived logs
            Each primary LSN, ARCn has their own RFS

ARC archiver process;
            ARCn process archives all standby redo logs.

Managed Recovery Process(MRP):
            For the physical standby database, only MRP applies archived log information to the physical standby database.
            MRP process commands:
                        Alter database recover managed standby database disconnect no delay.
                        Alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from the session.
                        Alter database recover managed standby database cancel.

Logical standby database:
            LSP is controlling the applies of archived redo log information to the logical standby database.

Standby redo log files:
            Standby redo log files are used only when the database is in the standby role to store redo data received from the primary database.
            Standby redo logs from a separate pool of log filegroup.

********************************************************************************

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Dataguard Broker Configuration

DATA GUARD BROKER CONFIGURATION

Data Guard Broker:
         An Oracle Data Guard Broker configuration is a logical definition of an Oracle Data Guard configuration allowing for centralized management and configuration of the physical resources involved in the configuration. 

Step 1: Connect to both Databases (primary and standby) and issue the following command:-

SQL>alter system set dg_broker_start=true;
System altered.

Step 2: On the primary server, issue the following command to Register the Primary Server with the Broker.

[oratest@oracle dbs]$ dgmgrl sys/oracle@orcl
DGMGRL for Linux: Release 19.0.0.0.0 – Production on Mon Nov 8 17:14:30 2021
Version 19.9.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Welcome to DGMGRL, type “help” for information.
Connected to “orcl”
Connected as SYSDBA.

DGMGRL> create configuration 'dg_my_config' as primary database is 'orcl' connect 
identifier is orcl;

Configuration “dg_my_config” created with primary database “orcl”

Step 3: Now add the standby database:-

DGMGRL> add database stand as connect identifier is stand maintained as physical;

Database "stand" added

Step 4: Now we enable the new configuration;-

DGMGRL> enable configuration;

Enabled.
DGMGRL>

Step 5 ; The following commands show how to check the configuration and status of the databases from the broker:-

DGMGRL> show configuration;

Configuration - my_dg_config
Protection Mode: MaxPerformance
Members:
orcl     - Primary database
stand- Physical standby database
Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED
Configuration Status:
SUCCESS   (status updated 26 seconds ago)
DGMGRL> show database orcl;

   Database - orcl
  
   Role:       PRIMARY
   
  Intended State:  TRANSPORT-ON
  
   Instance(s):    orcl
   
   Database Status:
  
   SUCCESS


  DGMGRL> show database stand;

  Database - stand

  Role:               PHYSICAL STANDBY

  Intended State:     APPLY-ON

  Transport Lag:      0 seconds (computed 1 second ago)

  Apply Lag:          0 seconds (computed 1 second ago)

  Average Apply Rate: 5.00 KByte/s

  Real Time Query:    OFF

 Instance(s):
    orcl
  Database Status:
   SUCCESS

Step 6: Stop/Start Managed Recovery:-

Stop managed recovery.

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

Start managed recovery.

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect;

 

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ORACLE RELEASE PATCHING IN ORACLE 19C -Opatch update

patch

Description

In this article, we are going to see steps used to apply the latest Oracle 19c Database Release Update 19.9.0.0.201020 (Patch 31771877) The Environment is a single instance database.

Review readme file on Patch 31771877 – Database Release Update 19.9.0.0.201020

Download patch p31

771877_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip

Make sure the opatch version is minimum 12.2.0.1.19

Step:-1 Download the Patch from oracle support

p31771877_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip

p6880880_200000_Linux-x86-64.zip

Step:-2 Copied the patch to DB Server

[oratest@oracle ~]$ mkdir patch

[oratest@oracle ~]$ ls

[oratest@oracle ~]$ cd patch/

[oratest@oracle ~]$ ls -lrth
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 oratest oratest 116M Oct 21 10:55-x86-64.zip
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 oratest oratest 1.6G Oct 21 11:23 p6880880_210000_Linux-x86-64.zip

Step:-3 Upgrade Opatch Tool from 12.2.0.1.17 to 12.2.0.1.

[oratest@oracle ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
[oratest@oracle ~]$ ls
[oratest@oracle ~]$ ./opatch version
OPatch Version: 12.2.0.1.17

OPatch succeeded

[oratest@oracle ~]$ cd /home/oratest/patch 

[oratest@oracle ~]$  ls

[oratest@oracle ~]$cp p6880880_200000_Linux-x86-64.zip
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1

[oratest@oracle ~]$ cd /app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1

[oratest@oracle ~]$pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1
[oratest@oracle ~]$ mv OPatch/ OPatch_BKP

[oratest@oracle ~]$ unzip p6880880_200000_Linux-x86-64.zip
Archive: p6880880_200000_Linux-x86-64.zip
creating: OPatch/
inflating: OPatch/emdpatch.pl
creating: OPatch/oracle_common/
creating: OPatch/oracle_common/modules/
inflating: OPatch/oracle_common/modules/com.oracle.glcm.common-logging_1.6.5.0.jar
inflating: OPatch/oracle_common/modules/common-logging-config.jar
creating: OPatch/oplan/

[oratest@oracle]$ cd OPatch
[oratest@oracle OPatch]$ ./opatch version
OPatch Version: 12.2.0.1.27
OPatch succeeded.

Step:-4 Check Patches status before applying using the below query

SET LINESIZE 500
SET PAGESIZE 1000
SET SERVEROUT ON
SET LONG 2000000
COLUMN action_time FORMAT A12
COLUMN action FORMAT A10
COLUMN comments FORMAT A30
COLUMN description FORMAT A60
COLUMN namespace FORMAT A20
COLUMN status FORMAT A10

SELECT TO_CHAR(action_time, ‘YYYY-MM-DD’) AS action_time,action,status,
description,patch_id FROM sys.dba_registry_sqlpatch ORDER by action_time;

Identifying Invalid Objects before patching

SQL> select owner,object_type,object_name,status from dba_objects 
where status='INVALID';

no row selected.

Step:-5  Apply RU patch on ORACLE_HOME 19c

[oracle@oraem01 soft]$ unzip p31771877_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip
[oracle@oraem01 soft]$ 31771877
[oratest@oracle 31771877]$ export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1

[oratest@oracle 31771877]$ 
export PATH=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/OPatch:$PATH

Step – 6:- Apply opatch

[oratest@oracle 31771877]$  opatch apply
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 12.2.0.1.27
Copyright (c) 2021, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.


Oracle Home       : /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
   from           : /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version    : 12.2.0.1.27
OUI version       : 12.2.0.7.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/
opatch/opatch2021-10-21_12-48-42PM_1.log

Verifying environment and performing prerequisite checks...
OPatch continues with these patches:   31771877

Do you want to proceed? [y|n]
y
User Responded with: Y
All checks passed.

Please shutdown Oracle instances running out of this ORACLE_HOME on the local system.
(Oracle Home = '/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1')


Is the local system ready for patching? [y|n]
y
User Responded with: Y
Backing up files...
Applying interim patch '31771877' to OH '/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1'
ApplySession: Optional component(s) [ oracle.network.gsm, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , 
[ oracle.rdbms.ic, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.rdbms.tg4db2, 19.0.0.0.0 ] ,
[ oracle.tfa, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.options.olap.awm, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , 
[ oracle.net.cman, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.xdk.companion, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , 
[ oracle.oraolap.mgmt, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.network.cman, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , 
[ oracle.options.olap, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.assistants.usm, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , 
[ oracle.assistants.asm, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.sqlj, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , 
[oracle.jdk, 1.8.0.191.0] not present in the Oracle Home or a higher version is found.

Patching component oracle.rdbms.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.rdbms, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.rdbms.util, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.assistants.acf, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.assistants.deconfig, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.assistants.server, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.buildtools.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.ctx, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.dbjava.ic, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.dbjava.jdbc, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.dbjava.ucp, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.dbtoolslistener, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.ldap.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.network.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.oracore.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.rdbms.dbscripts, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.rdbms.deconfig, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.sdo, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.sdo.locator.jrf, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.sqlplus, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.usm.deconfig, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.rdbms.crs, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.oraolap, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.precomp.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.javavm.client, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.precomp.common.core, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.network.client, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.rdbms.scheduler, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.ctx.atg, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.marvel, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.oraolap.dbscripts, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.ovm, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.bali.ice, 11.1.1.7.0...

Patching component oracle.ctx.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.rdbms.lbac, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.rdbms.oci, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.odbc, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.rdbms.rman, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.nlsrtl.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.rdbms.install.plugins, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.rdbms.drdaas, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.ldap.rsf.ic, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.ldap.security.osdt, 19.0.0.0

Patching component oracle.dbdev, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.rdbms.install.common, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.sdo.locator, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.duma, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.sqlplus.ic, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.xdk.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.xdk.parser.java, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.rdbms.rsf.ic, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.precomp.common, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.precomp.lang, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.jdk, 1.8.0.201.0...
Patch 31771877 successfully applied.
Sub-set patch [29517242] has become inactive due to the application of a super-set
 patch [31771877].
Please refer to Doc ID 2161861.1 for any possible further required actions.
Log file location: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/
opatch2021-10-21_12-48-42PM_1.log

OPatch succeeded.

Step – 7 – Run the Below Commands

SQL> select owner from all_objects where status='INVALID';
no rows selected
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql
Session altered.
TIMESTAMP
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMP_TIMESTAMP UTLRP_BGN              2021-10-21 13:20:37
DOC>   The following PL/SQL block invokes UTL_RECOMP to recompile invalid
DOC>   objects in the database. Recompilation time is proportional to the
DOC>   number of invalid objects in the database, so this command may take
DOC>   a long time to execute on a database with a large number of invalid
DOC>   objects.
DOC>
DOC>   Use the following queries to track recompilation progress:
DOC>
DOC>   1. Query returning the number of invalid objects remaining. This
DOC>      number should decrease with time.
DOC>         SELECT COUNT(*) FROM obj$ WHERE status IN (4, 5, 6);
DOC>
DOC>   2. Query returning the number of objects compiled so far. This number
DOC>      should increase with time.
DOC>         SELECT COUNT(*) FROM UTL_RECOMP_COMPILED;
DOC>
DOC>   This script automatically chooses serial or parallel recompilation
DOC>   based on the number of CPUs available (parameter cpu_count) multiplied
DOC>   by the number of threads per CPU (parameter parallel_threads_per_cpu).
DOC>   On RAC, this number is added across all RAC nodes.
DOC>
DOC>   UTL_RECOMP uses DBMS_SCHEDULER to create jobs for parallel
DOC>   recompilation. Jobs are created without instance affinity so that they
DOC>   can migrate across RAC nodes. Use the following queries to verify
DOC>   whether UTL_RECOMP jobs are being created and run correctly:
DOC>
DOC>   1. Query showing jobs created by UTL_RECOMP
DOC>         SELECT job_name FROM dba_scheduler_jobs
DOC>            WHERE job_name like 'UTL_RECOMP_SLAVE_%';
DOC>
DOC>   2. Query showing UTL_RECOMP jobs that are running
DOC>         SELECT job_name FROM dba_scheduler_running_jobs
DOC>            WHERE job_name like 'UTL_RECOMP_SLAVE_%';
DOC>#
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
TIMESTAMP
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMP_TIMESTAMP UTLRP_END              2021-10-21 13:20:41
DOC> The following query reports the number of invalid objects.
DOC>
DOC> If the number is higher than expected, please examine the error
DOC> messages reported with each object (using SHOW ERRORS) to see if they
DOC> point to system misconfiguration or resource constraints that must be
DOC> fixed before attempting to recompile these objects.
DOC>#
OBJECTS WITH ERRORS
-------------------
                  0
DOC> The following query reports the number of exceptions caught during
DOC> recompilation. If this number is non-zero, please query the error
DOC> messages in the table UTL_RECOMP_ERRORS to see if any of these errors
DOC> are due to misconfiguration or resource constraints that must be
DOC> fixed before objects can compile successfully.
DOC> Note: Typical compilation errors (due to coding errors) are not
DOC>       logged into this table: they go into DBA_ERRORS instead.
DOC>#
ERRORS DURING RECOMPILATION
---------------------------
                          0
Function created.
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
Function dropped.
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.


SQL> select owner from all_objects where status='INVALID';
no rows selected

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DATA GUARD CONFIGURATION

Step by Step Data Guard Configuration oracle 19c

Primary Server-side Configurations

Step – 1 – Enable Archive log mode and Flashback on

SQL>shut immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1543500144 bytes
Fixed Size                     8896880 bytes
Variable Size                1006632960 bytes
Database Buffers         520093696 bytes
Redo Buffers                7876608 bytes
Database mounted.

SQL> alter database archivelog;
Database altered.

SQL> alter database flashback on;
Database altered.

SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.

step -2 – Adding redo log file for standby logfile (in the primary database)

sql>alter database add standby logfile group 4
     '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo04.log' size 50m;

sql>alter database add standby logfile group 5
     '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo05.log' size 50m;

sql>alter database add standby logfile group 6
      '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo06.log' size 50m;

sql>alter database add standby logfile group 7
     '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo07.log' size 50m;

SELECT GROUP#,THREAD#,SEQUENCE#,ARCHIVED,STATUS FROM
V$STANDBY_LOG;
GROUP#     THREAD#     SEQUENCE# ARC  STATUS
---------- ---------- ---------- --- ----------
4             0         0    YES      UNASSIGNED
5             0         0    YES      UNASSIGNED
6             0         0    YES      UNASSIGNED
7             0         0    YES      UNASSIGNED

step -3: – Ping Listener And Tnsnames Both Server……like output below,,

[oratest@oracle admin]$ tnsping orcl
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 24-OCT-2021 14:53:31
Copyright (c) 1997, 2020, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =
192.168.1.24)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl.localdomain)))
OK (0 msec)

[oratest@oracle admin]$ tnsping stand
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 24-OCT-2021 14:53:36
Copyright (c) 1997, 2020, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =
192.168.1.20)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = oracle)))
OK (10 msec)

step 4: – In the primary Database server (192.168.1.24)

SQL>ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_config=’dg_config=(orcl,stand)’ SCOPE=both;
System altered.

SQL>ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest_1=’location=use_db_recovery_file_dest
valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=orcl' SCOPE=both;
System altered.

SQL>alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=stand async
valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=stand' scope=both;
System altered.

SQL>ALTER SYSTEM SET fal_server='stand' SCOPE=both;
System altered.

SQL>ALTER SYSTEM SET fal_client='orcl' SCOPE=both;
System altered.

SQL>ALTER SYSTEM SET standby_file_management='AUTO' SCOPE=both;
System altered.

step -5: In Standby Server Side

1.. Copy password file in primary Database

in primary server,

[oratest@oracle dbs]$ scp orapworcl
 [email protected]:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/dbs

[email protected]'s password:
orapworcl
                100% 2048 2.0KB/s 00:00

After completed scp in standby server side change the password file name, 
like name below,

[oracle@oracletest dbs]$ mv orapworcl orapwstand

2..Changing Parameters in Standby Database

In the $ORACLE_HOME/dbs directory of the standby system, create an initialization
parameter file named  initstand.ora
Containing a single parameter: DB_NAME=orcl

[oracle@oracletest dbs]$ cat initstand.ora
db_name=orcl
[oracle@oracletest dbs]$

3:- Create Directory Structure in Standby Database

[oracle@oracletest dbs]$ cd $ORACLE_BASE/admin/
[oracle@oracletest admin]$ mkdir stand
[oracle@oracletest admin]$ cd stand/
[oracle@oracletest stand]$ mkdir adump
[oracle@oracletest stand]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/stand

4:- Start the Standby Database using Pfile

[oracle@oracletest TEST]$ export ORACLE_SID=stand
[oracle@oracletest TEST]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Oct 25 10:05:00 2021
Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup pfile='$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initstand.ora' nomount;

ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 243268216 bytes
Fixed Size 8895096 bytes
Variable Size 180355072 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 3686400 bytes

5-–> Connect RMAN for Primary Database in Standby server

[oracle@oracletest stand]$ export ORACLE_SID=orcl
[oracle@oracletest stand]$ rman target sys/oracle@orcl auxiliary sys/oracle@stand
Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Nov 8 16:29:37 2021
Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1613336523)
connected to auxiliary database: ORCL (not mounted)

6—–> Run the below command,

RMAN> run
{
allocate channel p1 type disk;
allocate channel p2 type disk;
allocate channel p3 type disk;
allocate channel p4 type disk;
allocate auxiliary channel s1 type disk;
duplicate target database for standby from active database
spfile
parameter_value_convert 'orcl','stand'
set db_name='orcl'
set db_unique_name='stand'
set
db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/','/u01/app/oracle/oradat
a/
stand/'
set
log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/','/u01/app/oracle/orada
ta/stand/'
set control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stand/standby1.ctl'
set log_archive_max_processes='5'
set fal_client='stand'
set fal_server='orcl'
set standby_file_management='auto'
set log_archive_config='dg_config=(orcl,stand)'
set compatible='19.0.0'
set memory_target='1200m'
nofilenamecheck;
}

Output like below that,

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: p1
channel p1: SID=62 device type=DISK
allocated channel: p2
channel p2: SID=24 device type=DISK
allocated channel: p3
channel p3: SID=78 device type=DISK
allocated channel: p4
channel p4: SID=61 device type=DISK
allocated channel: s1
channel s1: SID=37 device type=DISK
Starting Duplicate Db at 08-NOV-21
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy reuse
passwordfile auxiliary format '/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapwstand'
targetfile
'/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/dbs/spfileorcl.ora' auxiliary format
'/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/dbs/spfilestand.ora' ;
sql clone "alter system set spfile= ''/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/dbs/spfilestand.ora''";
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 08-NOV-21
Finished backup at 08-NOV-21
sql statement: alter system set spfile=
''/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/dbs/spfilestand.ora''
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone "alter system set audit_file_dest =
''/u01/app/oracle/admin/stand/adump'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set dispatchers =
''(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=standXDB)'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set db_name =
''orcl'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set db_unique_name =
''stand'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set db_file_name_convert =
''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/'', ''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stand/'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set log_file_name_convert =
''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/'', ''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stand/'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set control_files =
''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stand/standby1.ctl'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set log_archive_max_processes =
5 comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set fal_client =
''stand'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set fal_server =
''orcl'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set standby_file_management =
''auto'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set log_archive_config =
''dg_config=(orcl,stand)'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set compatible =
''19.0.0'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set memory_target =
1200m comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone nomount;
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter system set audit_file_dest = ''/u01/app/oracle/admin/stand/adump'' comment= ''''
scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set dispatchers = ''(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=standXDB)'' comment= ''''
scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set db_name = ''orcl'' comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set db_unique_name = ''stand'' comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set db_file_name_convert = ''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/'',
''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stand/'' comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set log_file_name_convert = ''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/'',
''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stand/'' comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set control_files = ''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stand/standby1.ctl''
comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set log_archive_max_processes = 5 comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set fal_client = ''stand'' comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set fal_server = ''orcl'' comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set standby_file_management = ''auto'' comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set log_archive_config = ''dg_config=(orcl,stand)'' comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set compatible = ''19.0.0'' comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set memory_target = 1200m comment= '''' scope=spfile
Oracle instance shut down
connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 1258290752 bytes
Fixed Size 8896064 bytes
Variable Size 738197504 bytes
Database Buffers 503316480 bytes
Redo Buffers 7880704 bytes
allocated channel: s1
channel s1: SID=35 device type=DISK
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy current controlfile for standby auxiliary format
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stand/standby1.ctl';
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 08-NOV-21
channel p1: starting datafile copy
copying standby control file
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f
tag=TAG20211108T163937
channel p1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
Finished backup at 08-NOV-21
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter database mount standby database
contents of Memory Script:
{
set newname for tempfile 1 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stand/temp01.dbf";
set newname for tempfile 2 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stand/temp02.dbf";
switch clone tempfile all;
set newname for datafile 1 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stand/system01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 3 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stand/sysaux01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 4 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stand/undotbs01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 7 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stand/users01.dbf";
backup as copy reuse
datafile 1 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stand/system01.dbf" datafile
3 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stand/sysaux01.dbf" datafile
4 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stand/undotbs01.dbf" datafile
7 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stand/users01.dbf" ;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/stand/temp01.dbf in control file
renamed tempfile 2 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/stand/temp02.dbf in control file
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting backup at 08-NOV-21
channel p1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf
channel p2: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf
channel p3: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf
channel p4: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stand/users01.dbf tag=TAG20211108T163951
channel p4: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:56
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stand/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20211108T163951
channel p3: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:06:33
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stand/system01.dbf tag=TAG20211108T163951
channel p2: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:13:49
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stand/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20211108T163951
channel p1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:14:10
Finished backup at 08-NOV-21
sql statement: alter system archive log current
contents of Memory Script:
{
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=1 STAMP=1088096063 file
name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stand/system01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=1088096063 file
name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stand/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=1088096063 file
name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stand/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 7 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=1088096063 file
name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stand/users01.dbf
Finished Duplicate Db at 08-NOV-21
released channel: p1
released channel: p2
released channel: p3
released channel: p4
released channel: s1
RMAN>

step -6 : connect to the standby Database

[oracle@oracletest stand]$ export ORACLE_SID=stand
[oracle@oracletest stand]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Nov 8 17:03:57 2021
Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect nodelay;
Database altered.
SQL> select NAME,OPEN_MODE,DATABASE_ROLE from v$database;

NAME      OPEN_MODE            DATABASE_ROLE
--------- -------------------- ----------------
ORCL      MOUNTED              PHYSICAL STANDBY

SQL> select DB_UNIQUE_NAME from v$database;

DB_UNIQUE_NAME
------------------------------
stand

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Data Guard Protection Modes

Oracle Data Guard Protection Modes

Description: 
       In this blog, we are going to see oracle data guard protection modes and how to change one mode to another mode.

What is protection mode:
       Production mode is based on the RTO(recovery time objective) and RPO(recovery point objective values and to select the most appropriate model for their data guard configuration.
       The primary database always syncs with the standby database, the primary database is not active for the end-users for some natural disasters, hardware errors occur the standby can be changed as primary.

Why it is Required:
       In that situation some of the applications required maximum database performance at all times, so we can configure the standby database with appropriate protection mode. 

Types of protection modes:

MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
MAXIMUM PROTECTION
MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY

MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY:
       Maximum availability protection mode provides the highest level of protection, which is possible without compromising the availability of the primary database.
       Whatever changes happen in the primary database it can be reflected in the standby database, the standby database sends acknowledgment then it will send again the logs, otherwise, it ignores the availability mode move on to the maximum performance mode.
       This mode ensures ZERO data loss in the case of certain double faults.

MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE:
       Maximum performance is a default protection mode.
       It is a high-level protection mode without affecting the primary database.
       The primary database sends logs to the standby database it’s not waiting for an acknowledgment it will perform asynchronous behavior. 
       Less amount of data loss happens in maximum performance mode.

MAXIMUM PROTECTION:
       Maximum protection mode ensures that no data loss occurs if the primary database fails.
       The primary database sends logs to standby the RFS acknowledges to LNS at least one redo log can be transferred or it will shut down the primary database.

SUMMARY OF PROTECTION MODES:

How to view and change protection mode:
View protection mode:
SQL> select protection_mode from v$database;
Data sync and async configuration:
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest_2=’service=data sync valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=stand’ SCOPE=both;
System altered.

How to change protection mode:

SQL> alter database set standby database to maximize PERFORMANCE;
SQL> alter database set standby database to maximize PROTECTION;
SQL> alter database set standby database to maximize AVAILABILITY;
SQL> select name,protection_mode from v$database;

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Types Of Standby Database

Oracle Standby Database Types

Description : 
       In this blog, we are going to different types of standby databases with clear definitions.

Types of Standby Database:

Physical Standby
Logical Standby
Snapshot Standby

Physical Standby:

  • Physical Standby is the exact block-for-block copy of the primary database.
  • Physical standby database synchronized with the primary database through the application of redo data received from the primary database.
  • It can be used concurrently for data protection and reporting.     
  • Physical standby database will be mounted stage while recovery is processed.
  • It can be opened as read-only mode
  • Active standby database is available for reading mode, enabling recovery at the backend.  

Physical standby database benefits:

  • An identical physical copy of the primary database.
  • Disaster recovery and high availability.
  • High Data protection.
  • Reduction in primary database workload.
  • Performance can be Faster.

Logical Standby Database:

  • A logical standby database does not have to match the schema structure of the source database.
  • Logical standby tables can be open for SQL queries (read-only), and all other standby tables can be open for updates.
  • The primary database logs can be converted as SQL then the SQL statements can be applied into the logical standby database.
  • The logical standby database can have different unique Database IDs.
  • A logical standby database can have additional materialized views and indexes added for faster performance.

Logical Standby Database Benefits:

  • Simultaneous use for reporting, summations, and queries.
  • Efficient use of standby hardware resources.
  • Reduction in primary database workload.
  • Some limitations on the use of certain data types.

Snapshot Standby Database:

  • The snapshot standby database is and fully update standby database.
  • A snapshot standby database receives and archives redo data from a primary database but are not applied.
  • Redo data received from the primary database is applied when a snapshot standby database is converted back into a physical standby database,
  • This database can be used for updates but these updates are discarded before the snapshot database is converted back into a physical standby database.

Snapshot Standby Database benefits:

  • Temporary snapshot of the primary database.
  • fully updatable stand-alone database.
  • As this is in READ and WRITE mode, any kind of testing or changes can be done,

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